HST 116- The American Revolution

 

Dr. Joanne B. Freeman

The American Revolution and the Revolutionary War are difficult events to teach. First of all, most treatments fail to establish sufficient context for Europeans in the Americas, the various cultures of the different British colonies and how they related to each other, as well as their mother country. 


The French and Indian War (1754-1763), a part of the 7 Years War between Britain and France that set off conflicts between several European powers throughout the continent and numerous colonial sites around the globe, is too often glossed over. 


Finally, as with many historical subjects, there is so much myth and political rhetoric heaped upon the actual history of these events that it can be arduous to find information that has not been sensationalized and oversimplified.


Joanne B. Freeman’s course on the topic, available as a podcast by Open Yale Courses, begins by clarifying that the Revolutionary War and the American Revolution were related, but distinct things. The lectures that make up the course are detailed, but listenable. They do an excellent job of presenting the subject to a modern audience by delving into the contexts of place, people, and events. Freeman presents at a brisk pace, but repeats and emphasizes points that provide greater clarity. 


Figures of the Revolutionary Era that often suffer from dull, overly-reverent descriptions are examined with diligence, humor, and a critical eye. Historians often rely too heavily on dates, figures, and theoretical analysis without doing the historical-imaginative work of painting a portrait of the past that gives their audience a rich sense of time and place, allowing them to see historical figures as flesh and blood people, and events as chaotic contingencies, rather than rigid inevitabilities. 


Rather than teaching the American Revolution as a propaganda exercise meant to instill national pride, or countercultural antipathy, Freeman presents it as a phenomenon to be investigated culturally and politically, and related to earlier and later eras, including our own.



Sources:

The American Revolution- Open Yale Courses

Joanne B. Freeman


November 3, 1839


W. & A. K. Johnston Limited. “Map of the Macao - Bocca Tigris - Canton approach, Pearl River delta. Cropped and modified.” 1910. Public Domain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Macao_-_Bocca_Tigris_-_Canton_approach.jpg

In 1839, after decades of debate over how to respond to opium use and trade in their country, Chinese officials and Emperor Qing decided to step up enforcement of the ban on opium production and importation that had been passed in 1800. Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu oversaw the destruction of over 20,000 chests of opium, mostly confiscated from British merchants like the East India Company.

Calls for war from merchants in Britain and its colonies increased as profits declined. On November 3, 1839 several British merchant ships feuded over the proper trade protocols, began firing on each other, and drew in Chinese warships seeking to reestablish order in their waters. The resulting battle (The First Battle of Chuenpi/Chuanbi) claimed the lives of 15 Chinese sailors and kicked off the first Opium War which would result in China ceding the island of Hong Kong to Britain.

My best guess of where Chuenpi Island is as of 2023. Not sure.

A few hours of trying to find a straight answer online about Chuenpi/Chuanbi island was not successful. You may have better luck. The screenshot of the google-map above is just my best attempt.

I could be dead wrong on this, so please do not take it as a fact.


Sources:

The First Battle of Chuenpi/Chuanbi- Wikipedia

The Opium Wars in China- An essay by Jack Patrick Hayes, PHD at Kwantlen Polytechnic University in Vancouver, BC. For the Asian Pacific Foundation of Canada. (This overview provides strong context and visuals for the conflict, but the Battle of Chuenpi is not examined closely.)

The First Opium War: The Anglo-Chinese War of 1839-1842 An essay by Peter C. Purdue PHD at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), in collaboration with MIT Visualizing Cultures project. (The first tab of this site “Opium Trade” provides strong context for the conflict. The Battle of Chuenpi is not examined in much detail.)